MAJOR INDIAN CONTRIBUTORS TO LITERATURE

Shri Rabindranath Tagore(7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941)



also known by the sobriquet Gurudev,was a Bengali poet, Brahmo Samaj philosopher, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He became Asia's first Nobel laureate when he won the 1913 Nobel Prize in Literature.


Famous BOOKS by him :
Fiction/Novel Category
Home and the World, The (A novel)
Nobel Prize Winners in Literature And Their Works Category

Home and the World, The (A novel)

Play Category

Chitra, a Play in One Act (A lyrical drama)

Poem Category
Stray Birds

Short Story Category
"We Crown Thee King", Babus Of NayanJore, The Cabuliwallah [The Fruitseller from Cabul] Devotee, The Home-coming, The Hungry Stones, The Kingdom Of Cards, The Living Or Dead?My Lord, The Baby Once There Was A King Renunciation, The Victory, TheVision


Tagore's best-known collection, winning him his Nobel Prize was this song from GITANJALI:

Amar e gan chheŗechhe tar shôkol ôlongkar
Tomar kachhe rakhe ni ar shajer ôhongkar
Ôlongkar je majhe pôŗe milônete aŗal kôre,
Tomar kôtha đhake je tar mukhôro jhôngkar.
Tomar kachhe khaţe na mor kobir gôrbo kôra,
Môhakobi, tomar paee dite chai je dhôra.
Jibon loe jôton kori jodi shôrol bãshi goŗi,
Apon shure dibe bhori sôkol chhidro tar. .

Shri R.K.Narayan(October 10, 1906 - May 13, 2001)







Born in Chennai,India is among the best known and most widely read Indian novelists writing in English.
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS:He was honoured with the Padma Bhushan, a coveted Indian award, for distinguished service to literature in 1964. In 1980, R. K. Narayan was awarded the AC Benson Medal by the Royal Society of Literature. He was an honorary member of the society. He was elected an honorary member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1982 and nominated to the Rajya Sabha — the upper house of the Parliament of India — in 1989. In addition, the University of Mysore, Delhi University and the University of Leeds conferred honorary doctorates on him. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 2000.
FAMOUS BOOKS by him :

Short stories :Dodu and Other Stories (1943)*
Cyclone and Other Stories (1945)*
An Astrologer's Day and Other Short Stories (1947)
Lawley Road and Other Stories (1956)*
A Horse and Two Goats (1970)
Malgudi Days (1982)
Under the Banyan Tree and Other Stories (1985)
The Grandmother's Tale and Selected Stories (1993)
The Watchman
Fruition at Forty

Novels:
Swami and Friends (1935)
The Bachelor of Arts (1937)
The Dark Room (1938)
The English Teacher (1945)
Mr. Sampath - The Printer of Malgudi (1949)
The Financial Expert (1952)
Waiting for the Mahatma (1955)
The Guide (1958)
The Man-Eater of Malgudi (1961)
The Vendor of Sweets (1967)
The Painter of Signs (1976)
A Tiger for Malgudi (1983)
Talkative Man (1986)
The World of Nagaraj (1990)
A Grandmother's Tale (1994


Vikram Seth







born on June 20, 1952 in Kolkata,West Bengal is an Indian poet, novelist, travel writer, librettist, children's writer, biographer and memoirist.

AWARDS :

1983 Thomas Cook Travel Book Award From Heaven Lake: Travels Through Sinkiang and Tibet
1985 Commonwealth Poetry Prize (Asia) The Humble Administrator's Garden
1993 Irish Times International Fiction Prize (shortlist) A Suitable Boy
1994 Commonwealth Writers Prize (Overall Winner, Best Book) A Suitable Boy
1994 WH Smith Literary Award A Suitable Boy
2001 EMMA (BT Ethnic and Multicultural Media Award) for Best Book/Novel An Equal Music
2005 Pravasi Bharatiya Samman
2007 Padma Shri award.Famous BOOKS by him :

Novels
The Golden Gate (1986)
A Suitable Boy, (1993)
An Equal Music, (1999)
Poetry
Mappings (1980)
The Humble Administrator's Garden (1985)
All You Who Sleep Tonight (1990)
Beastly Tales (1991)
Three Chinese Poets (1992)
Children's bookBeastly Tales (1991)
Libretto
Arion and the Dolphin (1994) for the English National Opera
Non-fiction
From Heaven Lake, (1983)
Two Lives, (2005)

Arundhati Roy






born on November 24,1964 in Shillong,Meghalaya is an Indian novelist, writer and activist. She won the Booker Prize in 1997 for her first novel, The God of Small Things and in 2002, the Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize.

AWARDS:
Arundhati Roy was awarded the 1997 Booker Prize for her fiction The God of Small Things. The award carried a prize of US$1 million and a citation that noted: 'The book keeps all the promises that it makes.'
In 2002, she won the Lannan Foundation's Cultural Freedom Award for her work "about civil societies that are adversely affected by the world’s most powerful governments and corporations" and "to celebrate her life and her ongoing work in the struggle for freedom, justice and cultural diversity."
Roy was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize in May 2004 for her work in social campaigns and her advocacy of non-violence.
In January 2006 she was awarded the Sahitya Akademi award for her collection of essays on contemporary issues, The Algebra of Infinite Justice, but she declined to accept it.
Famous BOOKS by her :
Roy, Arundhati; (1997). The God of Small Things. Flamingo.
Roy, Arundhati; (1999). The Cost of Living. Flamingo. now included in the book The Algebra of Infinite Justice
Roy, Arundhati; (2002). The Algebra of Infinite Justice. Flamingo. (a collection of essays: The End of Imagination, The Greater Common Good, Power Politics [also a book], The Ladies Have Feelings, So..., The Algebra of Infinite Justice, War is Peace, Democracy, War Talk [also a book] and Come September.)Roy, Arundhati; (2002). Power Politics. South End Press.
Roy, Arundhati; (2003). War Talk. South End Press.
Roy, Arundhati; (2004). An Ordinary Person's Guide To Empire, Consortium Book Sales and Dist, September 15, 2004, hardcover; trade paperback, Consortium, September 15, 2004,
Roy, Arundhati; (2004). Public Power in the Age of Empire. Seven Stories Press..
Roy, Arundhati; (2004). The Checkbook and the Cruise Missile: Conversations with Arundhati Roy. South End Press.

INDIANS IN SPACE

Major Achievements :
1962 : Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) formed by Department of Atomic Energy, and work on establishing Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) near Trivendrum (now Thiruvanantpuram) began.
1963 : First Sounding Rocket Launched from TERLS on November 21.
1965 : Space Science and Technology Centre(SSTC) established in Thumba.
1967 : Satellite Telecommunication Earth Station set up at Ahmedabad.
1972 : Space Commission and Department of Space set up.
1975 : First Indian Satellite, Aryabhatta launched on April 19.
1979 : Bhaskara-l,an experimental satellite launched,First experimental launch of SLV-3 with rohini satellite on board failed.
1980 : Second experimental launch of SLV-3 Rohini satellite successfully placed in orbit.
1981 : APPLE,an experimental geostationary communication satellite successfully launched on june 19.
1981 : Bhaskar-ll,launched on November 20.
1982 : INSAT-1A launched in April.
1983 : Second launch of SLV-3,RS-D2 placed in orbit,INSAT-lB launched.
1984 : Indo-Soviet manned space mission(April),Rakesh became first indian to reach space.
1987 : ASLV wit SROSS-1(Stretched Rohini Satellite) satellite on board launched.
1988 : First Indian Remote Sensing saellite,IRS-lA launched.INSAT-lC launched(July).
1990 : INSAT-lD launched successfully.
1991 : Launch of IRS-lD(August).
1992 : Third developmental launch of ASLV with SROSS-C on board (May),placed in orbit.
First indigenously built satellite INSAT-2A launched successfully.
1993 : INSAT-2B launched in July successfully.First developmental launch of PSLV(Polar Satellite Launching Vehicle) with IRS-lE on board fails.
1994 : Fourth developmental launch of ASLV successfully(May).Second developmental launch of PSLV with IRS-P2 successful.(October).
1995 : INSAT-2C launched in December.Third operational IRS launched.
1996 : Third developmental launch of PSLV with IRS-P3 successful(March).
1997 : INSAT-2D launched in June becomes inoperational in October.First operational launch of PSLV with IRS-lD successful(September).
1999 : INSAT-2E the last satellite in the INSAT-2 series launched by Ariane from Kourou French Guyana(April 3,1999).IRS-P4(OCEANSAT) launched by PSLV-C2 along with Korean KITSAT-3 and German DLR-TUBSAT from Sriharikota (26 May 1999).
2000 : INSAT-3B was launched on 22 March.
2001 : Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-D1),the first developmental launch of GSLV with GSAT-1 on board partially successful.
2002 : INSAT-3C launched successfully by Ariane space (January),PSLV-C4 launches KALPANA-1(September).
2003 : GSLV-D2,the second developmental launch of GSLV with GSAT-2 successful(May).
2004 : First operational flight of GSLV(F1) successfully launches EDUSAT (September)
2005 : Launch of CARTOSAT and HAMSAT by PSLV-C6 rom the second launch pad(Universal Launch Pad) in May.
2006 : INSAT-4A launched.Planned launch of CARTOSAT-2 SRE and LAPAN-TUBSAT.

ISRO is all prepared to send a Chadrayan Moon Mission on April 9,2008
Indian Space Research Oraganisation(ISRO) :

• India's National Space Agency
• formed in June 1972
• Motto: Sustained self-reliance in space
• Headquarters: Bangalore,India
• Website:http://www.isro.org
• Chairman: G. Madhavan Nair(2007-08)

MAJOR INDIAN CONTRIBUTORS TO SPACE RESEARCH :

RAKESH SHARMA

Wing Commmander Rakesh Sharma (retd (born on January 13, 1949 in Patiala,Punjab, India ) was the first Indian and 138th man to visit the Space.

He was conferred with the honour of Hero of Soviet Union upon his return from space. The Government of India conferred its highest gallantry award(during peace time), the Ashoka Chakra on him and the other two Russian members of his mission.

KALPANA CHAWLA

Kalpana Chawla(born on July 1,1961 in Karnal,Haryana.India) was an Indian-born American astronaut and space shuttle mission specialist.
AWARDS :

1.Congressional Space Medal of Honor
2.NASA Space Flight Medal
3.NASA Distinguished Service Medal
4.Defense Distinguished Service Medal

Chawla joined the NASA astronaut corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1998 Her first space mission began on November 19, 1997 as part of the six astronaut crew that flew the Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87.
She was one of seven crewmembers lost in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster,a loss not only to the nation but also to the Space Research Programme.She will always be an inspiration for upcoming generations....


SUNITA WILLIAMS







Sunita Williams (born September 19, 1965 in Euclid, Ohio) is a United States Naval officer and a NASA astronaut.
In September 2007, Sunita Williams visited India. She went to the Sabarmati Ashram, the ashram set up by Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 and her ancestral village Jhulasan, Gujarat.



AWARDS :

1.Navy Commendation Medals (twice)
2.Navy and Marine Corps 3.Achievement Medal
4.Humanitarian Service Medal and various other service awards.

Her Major Contributions :
Williams was a mission specialist on STS-117. She was launched on the Space Shuttle mission STS-116, aboard the shuttle Discovery, on December 10, 2006 to join the Expedition 14 crew. In April 2007, the Russian members of the crew rotated, changing to Expedition 15. She returned to Earth on June 22, 2007 at the end of the STS-117 mission.

BASIC FACTS ABOUT INDIA

Capital : New Delhi
Area :
Total: 3,287,590 sq km
Land: 2,973,190 sq km
Water: 314,400 sq km

People
Population :
1,129,866,200 (2007 estimate)
Population growth :
Population growth rate :
1.61 percent (2007 estimate)
Projected population in 2025 :
1,448,821,234 (2007 estimate)
Projected population in 2050 :
1,807,878,574 (2007 estimate)
Population density :
380 persons per sq km (2007 estimate)
984 persons per sq mi (2007 estimate)
Urban/rural distribution
Share urban
29 percent (2005 estimate)
Share rural
71 percent (2005 estimate)
Largest cities, with population
Kolkata (Calcutta)
13,216,546 (2001)
Delhi
12,791,458 (2001)
Mumbai (Bombay)
11,914,398 (2001)
Chennai (Madras)
6,424,624 (2001)
Hyderābād
5,533,640 (2001)
Ethnic groups
Indo-Aryan
72 percent
Dravidian :
25 percent
Other :
3 percent
Languages :
There are 24 languages spoken in India by at least 1 million people each. Numerous other languages and dialects are also spoken. Hindi is the official national language and is the primary language for 40 percent of the population. Other official languages include Assamese, Bangla, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithali, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu. Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu and is spoken widely throughout northern India. English has associate status as the official working language and is important for national, political, and commercial matters.
Hindi :
40 percent
Bengali :
8 percent
Telugu :
8 percent
Marathi :
7 percent
Tamil :
6 percent
Urdu :
5 percent
Gujarati :
5 percent
Kannada :
4 percent
Malayalam :
4 percent
Oriya :
3 percent
Punjabi :
3 percent
Assamese :
2 percent
Other :
5 percent
Religious affiliations*
Hindu :
80.5 percent
Muslim :
13.4 percent
Christian :
2.3 percent
Sikh :
1.9 percent
Buddhist :
0.8 percent
Nonreligious :
0.7 percent
Other :
0.4 percent
*2001 Census
Health and Education
Life expectancy :
Total :
68.6 years (2007 estimate)
Female :
71.2 years (2007 estimate)
Male :
66.3 years (2007 estimate)
Infant mortality rate :
35 deaths per 1,000 live births (2007 estimate)
Population per physician :
1,951 people (2004)
Population per hospital bed :
1,111 people (2003)
Literacy rate :
Total :
56.6 percent (2005 estimate)
Female :
43 percent (2005 estimate)
Male :
69.5 percent (2005 estimate)
Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) :
2.9 percent (1999-2000)
Number of years of compulsory schooling :
9 years (2002-2003)
Number of students per teacher, primary school :
41 students per teacher (2002-2003)
Government
Form of government :
Federal republic
Head of state :
President
Head of government :
Prime minister
Legislature :
Bicameral legislature
Lok Sabha (House of the People): 545 members
Rajya Sabha (Council of States): 245 members
Voting qualifications :
Universal at age 18
Constitution :
26 January 1950; amended 1975, 1986, 1992, 2000, 2002, 2003
Highest court :
Supreme Court
Armed forces :
Army, Navy, Air Force
Total number of military personnel :
1,325,000 (2004)
Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) :
2.6 percent (2003)
First-level political divisions
28 states and 7 union territories
Economy
Gross domestic product (GDP, in U.S.$)
$805.7 billion (2005)
GDP per capita (U.S.$)
$736.10 (2005)
GDP by economic sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
18.3 percent (2005)
Industry
27.3 percent (2005)
Services
54.4 percent (2005)
Employment
Number of workers
435,035,740 (2005)
Workforce share of economic sector
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
67 percent (1995)
Industry
13 percent (1995)
Services
20 percent (1995)
Unemployment rate :
4.3 percent (2000)
National budget (U.S.$)
Total revenue :
$86,182 million (2004)
Total expenditure :
$108,760 million (2004)
Monetary unit :
1 Indian rupee (Re), consisting of 100 paise
Agriculture :
Sugarcane, rice, wheat, tea, cotton, jute, vegetables, melons, sorghum, millet, cashews, coffee, spices, livestock
Mining :
Iron ore, coal, bauxite, manganese, mica, dolomite, copper, petroleum, natural gas, chromium, lead, limestone, phosphate rock, zinc, gold, silver
Manufacturing :
Textiles, iron and steel, processed agricultural products, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, fertilizer, refined petroleum, chemicals, computer software
Major exports :
Gems and jewelry, engineering goods, garments, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, cotton yarn and fabrics, leather and leather goods, marine products, iron ore, tea, vegetables and fruit, petroleum products, handmade carpets
Major imports :
Petroleum and petroleum products, nonelectric machinery, precious and semiprecious stones, inorganic chemicals, iron and steel, fertilizers, electrical machinery, resins and plastics
Major trade partners for exports :
United States, United Kingdom, Hong Kong SAR, Germany, and Japan
Major trade partners for imports :
United States, Singapore, Belgium, United Kingdom, and Germany

GREAT INDIAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS

MAHATMA GANDHI

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is the real name of the hero of Indian Independence Movement who is known in India worldwide as "Mahatma Gandhi" and as "Bapu" for he is the Father of The Nation.He was born on 2nd October (Now celebrated as International Day of Non-Voilence) 1869 in Porbandar,Gujarat,India.

He was the pioneer of "Satyagraha" firmly based on AHIMSA or Non-Violence.Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for the alleviation of poverty, for the liberation of women, for brotherhood amongst differing religions and ethnicities, for an end to untouchability and caste discrimination, and for the economic self-sufficiency of the nation, but above all for Swaraj—the independence of India from foreign domination.

Gandhi famously led Indians in the disobedience of the salt tax on the 400 kilometre Dandi Salt March in 1930, and in an open call for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years on numerous occasions in both South Africa and India.

In May 1883, at the age of 13, Gandhi was married through his parents' arrangements to Kasturba Makhanji (also spelled "Kasturbai" or known as "Ba").

Gandhi's first major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaran agitation and Kheda Satyagraha, although in the latter it was indigo and other cash crops instead of the food crops necessary for their survival.Non-cooperation and peaceful resistance were Gandhi's "weapons" in the fight against injusticeAs the war progressed, Gandhi intensified his demand for independence, drafting a resolution calling for the British to Quit India. This was Gandhi's and the Congress Party's most definitive revolt aimed at securing the British exit from Indian shores.

ASSASINATION:

On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was shot and killed while having his nightly public walk on the grounds of the Birla Bhavan (Birla House) in New Delhi. The assassin, Nathuram Godse, was a Hindu radical with links to the extremist Hindu Mahasabha, who held Gandhi responsible for weakening India by insisting upon a payment to Pakistan.Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were later tried and convicted; they were executed on 15 November 1949.

SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE

Netaji as he is popularly known was born on 23rd January,1897 in cuttack,Orissa,India.He was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence Movement against the British Raj.

Bose was elected president of the Indian National Congress for two consecutive terms but resigned from the post following ideological conflicts with Mahatma Gandhi. Bose believed that Mahatma Gandhi's tactics of non-violence would never be sufficient to secure India's independence, and advocated violent resistance.

His stance did not change with the outbreak of the second world war, which he saw as an opportunity to take advantage of British weakness. At the outset of the war, he fled India and travelled to the Soviet Union, Germany and Japan seeking an alliance with the aim of attacking the British in India. With Japanese assistance he re-organised and later led the Indian National Army, formed from Indian prisoners-of-war and plantation workers from Malaya, Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia, against British forces. With Japanese monetary, political, diplomatic and military assistance, he formed the Azad Hind Government in exile, regrouped and led the Indian National Army to battle against the allies in Imphal & Burma during the World War II.
He is believed to have died on 18 August 1945 in a plane crash over Taiwan. However, contradictory evidence exists regarding his death in the accident.Recently an Indian central commission of inquiry confirmed one popular version, that Bose's death was staged to facilitate an escape to the USSR.

BHAGAT SINGH

Shaheed Bhagat Singh (Shaheed meaning "Martyr") ,born on 28th September,1907 in Lahore, Punjab, British India is
considered to be one of the most famous revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement.He is also believed by many to be one of the earliest Marxists in India. He was one of the leaders and founders of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association(HSRA).
Born to a family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities against the British Raj in India, Bhagat Singh, as a teenager, had studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to anarchism and communism.
His uncles, Ajit Singh and Swaran Singh, as well as his father were both part of the Ghadr Party led by Kartar Singh Sarabha.As a child, he was deeply affected by the Jalianwala Bagh Massacre that took place in Punjab in 1919.When Mahatma Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, he became an active participant at the age of 13.On April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs onto the corridors of the assembly and shouted "Inquilab Zindabad!" ("Long Live the Revolution!").This was followed by a shower of leaflets stating that it takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear.The bomb neither killed nor injured anyone.
EXECUTION
Shortly after his arrest and trial for the Assembly bombing, the British came to know of his involvement in the murder of J. P. Saunders. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were charged with the murder. He was hanged for shooting a police officer in response to the killing of veteran social activist Lala Lajpat Rai on 23rd March,1931 together with his fellow comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev.

On October 28, 2005, a book entitled Some Hidden Facts: Martyrdom of Shaheed Bhagat Singh -- Secrets unfurled by an Intelligence Bureau Agent of British-India [sic] by K.S. Kooner and G.S. Sindhra was released. The book asserts that Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were deliberately hanged in such a manner as to leave all three in a semi-conscious state, so that all three could later be taken outside the prison and shot dead by the Saunders family. The book says that this was a prison operation codenamed "Operation Trojan Horse." Scholars are skeptical of the book's claims.

RANI LAKSHMIBAI


Lakshmi Bai was a Maharashtrian born sometime around 1828 at Kashi (presently known as Varanasi),Uttar Pradesh,India was one of the leading figures of the Indian rebellion of 1857, and a symbol of resistance to British rule in India.Her childhood name was Manikarnika.She got married to Raja Gangadhar Rao Niwalkar, the Maharaja of Jhansi in 1842, and became the queen of Jhansi.In 1853 Gangadhar Rao fell very ill and he was persuaded to adopt a child. To ensure that the British would not be able to contest the adoption, the Rani had it witnessed by the local British representatives.
At that time, Lord Dalhousie was the Governor General of British India. Though little Damodar Rao, adopted son of late Maharaja Gangadhar Rao and Rani Lakshmi Bai, was Maharaja's heir and successor under Hindu tradition, the British rulers rejected Rani's claim that Damodar Rao was their legal heir. Lord Dalhousie decided to annex the state of Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse.Jhansi became a center of the rebellion upon the outbreak of violence in 1857.
In September and October of 1857, the Rani led the successful defense of Jhansi from the invading armies of the neighboring rajas of Datia and Orchha.
In January of 1858, the British Army started its advance on Jhansi, and in March laid siege to the city. After two weeks of fighting,the British captured the city, but Rani escaped in the guise of a man, strapping her adopted son Damodar Rao closely on her back. She fled to Kalpi where she joined Tatya Tope.
During the battle for Gwalior the Rani met her death on 17 June. During this battle the Rani's original horse was mortally wounded. He had to be replaced by a younger, more energetic, but less trained horse.

INDIAN NATIONAL FLAG

Indian Flag is in a tricolor of Deep Saffron (Kesari) at the top,White in the moddle together with a Navy Blue Wheel( with 24 spokes) and Green color at the bottom all divided in equal proportions.
The design of the National Flag was adopted by India's constituent assembly on 22nd july, 1947.
What does each color in flag Signifies?

1. Kesari = Courage,Sacrifice and Spirit of Renunciation
2. White = Purity and Truth
3. Green = Faith and Fertility
4. Wheel = It symbolizes the Power of the State governed by Dharma as practised in Primordial system of justice

The Do's :
1.The National Flag may be hoisted in educational institutions (schools, colleges, sports camps, scout camps, etc.) to inspire respect for the Flag. An oath of allegiance has been included in the flag hoisting in schools.
2.A member of public, a private organization or an educational institution may hoist/display the National Flag on all days and occasions, ceremonial or otherwise consistent with the dignity and honour of the National Flag.
3.Section 2 of the new code accepts the right of all private citizens to fly the flag on their premises.

The Don'ts
1.The flag cannot be used for communal gains, drapery, or clothes. As far as possible, it should be flown from sunrise to sunset, irrespective of the weather.
2.The flag cannot be intentionally allowed to touch the ground or the floor or trail in water. It cannot be draped over the hood, top, and sides or back of vehicles, trains, boats or aircraft.
3.No other flag or bunting can be placed higher than the flag. Also, no object, including flowers or garlands or emblems can be placed on or above the flag. The tricolour cannot be used as a festoon, rosette or bunting.

INDIAN NATIONAL ANTHEM

Composed by Shri Rabindranath Tagore (Nobel Prize Winner in Literature)


Indian National Anthem In English

" Jana Gana Mana Adhinayaka Jaya He

Bharat Bhagya Vidhata

Punjab Sindh Gujarat Maratha

Dravida Utkala Banga

Vindhya Himachal Yamuna Ganga

Ucchala Jaladhi Taranga

Tubh Shubha Name Jage

Tubh Shubha Ashisha Mange

Gahe Tubh Jaya Gata

Jan Gan Mangaldayak Jay He

Bharat Bhagya Vidhata

Jaye He ! Jaye He ! Jaye He !

Jaye,Jaye,Jaye,Jaye He "

INDIAN NATIONAL SONG

Composed by Shri Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

"Vande maataraM sujalaaM suphalaaM malayaja shiitalaaM SasyashyaamalaaM maataram

Shubhrajyotsnaa pulakitayaaminiiM pullakusumita drumadala shobhiniiM suhaasiniiM sumadhura bhaashhiNiiM sukhadaaM varadaaM maataraM

Koti koti kantha kalakalaninaada karaale koti koti bhujai.rdhR^itakharakaravaale abalaa keno maa eto bale bahubaladhaariNiiM namaami taariNiiM ripudalavaariNiiM maataraM

Tumi vidyaa tumi dharma tumi hR^idi tumi marma tvaM hi praaNaaH shariire
Baahute tumi maa shakti hR^idaye tumi maa bhakti tomaara i pratimaa gaDi mandire mandire

TvaM hi durgaa dashapraharaNadhaariNii kamalaa kamaladala vihaariNii vaaNii vidyaadaayinii namaami tvaaM

Namaami kamalaaM amalaaM atulaaM SujalaaM suphalaaM maataraM

ShyaamalaaM saralaaM susmitaaM bhuushhitaaM DharaNiiM bharaNiiM maataraM "

MY HEART CRIES FOR YOU

For all those in this world who can't even have their daily meals,who die because of certain diseases that most of the world is already cured of,who can't have a shed when most people in this world live in posh apartments,who can't buy their children the cheapest toy when the world is playing video games,who can't get themselves a piece of cloth to cover their bodies when they are dead,my heart cries and say only one thing "Can we really achieve a world where everyone will be accessible to basic emenities of life,where there will be no more violence over silly issues,where we feel totally secured and free from any stress?"This is a question that needs real attention and i think his question will remain a part of this blog until answered completely and i am also sure that its not an easy one...